STUDY GUIDE
THESE ARE SAMPLE QUESTIONS TO HELPYOU FOR REVIEW, NOT THE QUESTIONS
ON THE FIRST EXAM.
CHECK YOU ANSWERS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE KEY,THERE MAY BE AN
ERROR WITH THE KEY.
1. The main function of cellular respiration is
a. breaking down toxic molecules
b. breaking down molecules of ATP
c. producing chemical building blocks
d. making ATP that powers cell activities
e. making food
2. During the oxidation of glucose, 40% of the chemical energy of the
molecule is _____, while the rest _____.
a. used to form ATP…..is lost as heat
b. used to hydrolyze ATP…converted to mechanical energy
c. lost as heat…used to phosphorylate ADP
d. lost as heat…is stored in glycogen
3. Select the choice that best fills in the blanks to complete the equation
for the complete oxidation of the molecule of glucose:
C6H12O6 + _____ --------à
_____ + 6H2O + Energy
a. 36 ADP…36 ATP
b. O2…CO2
c. 6O2…6CO2
d. CO2…O2
e. 6CO2…6O2
4. The energy used to synthesize ATP in the mitochondrion comes from
the flow of _____
through the ATP-SYNTHASE in the mitochondrial
membrane.
a. sunlight
b. protons
c. glucose
d. oxygen
e. electron carriers
5. Oxidative reactions of the Krebs cycle take place in(on):
a. the cytoplasm
b. the endoplasmic reticulum
c. the outer mitochondrial membrane
d. the matrix of the mitochondrion
e. the chloroplast
6. At the end of glycolysis
a. there is a small net yield of two ATP molecules
b. two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH
c. two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed from one molecule of glucose
d. all of the above
7. A glucose molecule is completely bronken down in glycolysis and in
the Krebs cycle, with the production of only a few ATP’s. At this point,
one may ask, “in what molecule(s) is the rest of the energy that results
from the breakdown of the glucose molecule?
a. in FAD and NAD+
b. in the oxygen used in the electron transport chain
c. lost as heat
d. in NADH and FADH2
e. H2O
8. Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which
pyruvic acid is reduced to form lactic acid or alcohol and CO2. This
last step is necessary because it
a. removes poisonous oxygen from the environment
b. extracts a bit more energy from glucose
c. enables the cell to recycle NADH back to NAD+
d. inactivates toxic pyruvic acid
e. enables the cell to make pyruvic acid into substances it can use
9- 13 Match each of the items below with one of the three stages of respiration.
a. glycolysis b. Krebs cycle
c. electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
9. Occurs outside the mitochoindrion
10. Produces 2 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation for every molecule
of glucose
11. Oxidizes NADH and FADH2, producing NAD+ and FAD
12. Here electrons and protons combine with oxygen to form water
13. Generates most of the CO2 produced by cellular respiration.
14. The energy generated during metabolism comes from the breakdown
of the glucose molecule. Glucose is _____ because it _____ electrons
during this process.
a. oxidized…..gains
b. reduced…..gains
c. oxidized…..looses
d. reduced…..uses
15. A coenzyme called _____ is used as an electron acceptor molecule
during the breakdown of glucose.
a. ATP
b. ADP
c. NAD+
d. Coenzyme-A
e. RuBP
16. In _____ phosphorylation, an enzyme removes a _____ from one molecule
and transfers it to ADP to form ATP.
a. oxidative…..carbon group
b. oxidative…..phosphate group
c. substrate level…..hydrogen ion
d. substrate level…..phosphate group
e. light…..acid group
17. Energy in the electrons that are transported down the electron transport
chain is used to move _____ across the inner mitochondrial membrane into
the intermembrane space.
a. glucose
b. hydrogen atoms
c. protons
d. electrons
18 – 23 Match each of the items below with one of the following answers:
a. NADH b. pyruvic acid c. ATP d. NAD+ e. glucose
18. The energy currency of the cell
19. Thirty-six molecule of ATP are produced from this breakdown of
this molecule.
20. A reduced electron carrier molecule
21. The end-product of glycolysis
22. One of these is generated in one turn of the Krebs cycle
23. The molecule that is broken down during glycolysis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
24. Which of the following statements is correct concerning where photosynthesis
occurs in a leaf of a plant?
a) Photosynthesis occurs
in mitochondria which are concentrated in the epidermis.
b) Photosynthesis occurs
in chloroplasts which are concentrated in the epidermis.
c) Photosynthesis occurs
in mitochondria which are concentrated in the mesophyll
d) Photosynthesis occurs
in chloroplasts which are concentrated in the mesophyll.
e) Photosynthesis occurs
in stomat which are concentrated in the epidermis.
25. During photosynthesis oxygen gas is given off
as a product. This oxygen is
split from ___________ during the light reactions (light dependent).
a) glucose
d) carbon dioxide
b) chlorophyll
e) water
c) ATP
Questions 28?29: Indicate which of the following reactions that
statement refers to:
a) light reactions of photosynthesis
b) CO2 fixation (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis
26. Molecular oxygen gas is produced.
27. Carbon dioxide is incorporated into RuBP, producing PGA and glucose.
28. Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
29. ATP and NADPH+H are "used".
30. Which of the following is not true concerning the light reactions
of photosynthesis?
a. Utilizes two photosystems - PS I and PS II
b. Converts light energy into chemical energy
c. Generates ATP via photophosphorylation.
d. Uses mainly blue and red light.
e. Converts carbon dioxide into glucose
31. Those sets of chemical reactions which occur during
photosynthesis where
ATP and NADPH +H are used to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose are
called:
a) CO2 fixation (Calvin Cycle)
c) Kreb Cycle
b) glycolysis
d) light reactions
32. Which of the following is not true concerning the dark reactions
of photosynthesis?
a. Utilizes two photosystems - PS I and PS II
b. Carbon dioxide is fixed into PGA and eventually glucose.
c. These reactions require ATP and NADPH to operate.
d. These reactions do not directly require light..
e. The enzyme Rubisco combines carbon dioxide with five carbon sugar
called
RuBP which forms into PGA
33. The light reactions occur in the 'A' and the Calvin
Cycle (dark reactions) occur in the
'B' of the chloroplast.
'A'
'B'
a) stroma
grana thylakoid membrane
b) grana thylakoid membrane
stroma
c) stroma
stroma
d) cytoplasm
grana thylakoid membrane
34. Pigments found in plants which absorb light to excite electrons
which are
transferred to the photosystems I and II .
a) chlorophyll
d) carotene
b) anthocyanin
e) xanthophyll
c) melan
35 - 37. Compare the three plant types which have special adaptations
that same water by
matching the statement below to the correct plant type.
a) C3 plant b) C4 plant c) CAM plant
35. The stomata are open at night where carbon dioxide is fixed
into a four-carbon
compounds (malate). These four carbon compounds (malate) are
decarboxylated forming carbon dioxide gas during the day
when the
stomata are closed to conserve water. The light reactions are
activated
allowing the Calvin cycle to operate fixing the carbon dioxide
into
three carbon molecule (PGA) and eventually glucose.
36. The stomata are open during the day when the light reactions
are occurring.
The carbon dioxide enters the leaf where it is fixed into a three
carbon
compounds (PGA) and eventually glucose. These plants carry out a
process of photorespiration.
37. The carbon dioxide is fixed into a four-carbon compounds.
(malate) by a
different enzyme than rubisco in the mesophyll cells of the leaf.
These
four-carbon compounds (malate) are stored in special bundle sheath
cells around the vein. In these cells the four carbon compounds (malate)
are decarboxylated forming carbon dioxide gas which can be fixed by
rubisco into three carbon compounds (PGA) and eventually glucose
via
the Calvin Cycle. These plants also lack photorespiration.
.
38. Match the general equation listed below for each of the process
photosynthesis .
a) C6 H12O6 ??????>
2 CO2 + 2 C2 H5OH (ethanol/alcohol)
b) C6 H12O6 + 6 O2 ??????> 6 CO2 + 6 H2 O
c) 6 CO2 +
C6 H12O6 ??????>
6 O2
+
6 H2 O
d) 6 CO2 +
6 H2 O ??????>
C6 H12O6 +
6 O2
39. A chemical process where living organisms form energy rich
organic
molecules from energy poor organic molecules utilizing
light energy.
a) oxidation
d) aerobic respiration
b) condensation
e) photosynthesis
c) hydrolysis
40. Which of the following set of reactions is not part of the
process called
photosynthesis"?
a) glycolysis
b) photosystem I
c) dark reactions (Calvin Cycle)
d) photosystem II
e) light reactions
41. Which set of reactions listed below require light energy directly to drive them?
a) glycolysis
d) dark reactions (Calvin Cycle)
b) Kreb Cycle
e) light reactions
c) cytochrome electron transport system
42. The carbon which is synthesized into glucose during photosynthesis
comes from:
a) CO2
d) CO
b) chlorophyll
e) H2O
c) CHON
43. Which of the following statements is not true concerning photosynthesis.
a) ATP and NADPH+H coenzymes are transported from light dependent
reactions to the Calvin Cycle reactions
b) light dependent reactions involve two photosystems - PSI and PSII
c) light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments
d) light is "directly" required during the dark reactions (Calvin
cycle)
44. Photosynthesis converts:
a) light energy into chemical energy
b) chemical energy into light energy
c) light energy into mechanical energy
45. Match the following statements to the correct definition for
photophosphorylation.
a) During this process ATP is made directly from a reaction where
bonds of
organic molecules are broken forming molecules of lesser energy.
b) ATP is generated via of a cytochrome electron transport system
which is driven
by light.
c). ATP is generated via of a cytochrome electron transport system
which is driven
by NADH+H or FADH+H and oxygen is used to accept wasted hydrogen ions.
46. Which of the following sets of reactions does not occur in the chloroplast?
a) Photosystem I
c) Calvin Cycle (dark reactions)
b) Photosystem II
d) Kreb Cycle
47. In the equation for photosynthesis CO2 is:
a) released
c) transferred from the light reactions to the dark reactions.
b) taken in
d) transferred from the dark reactions to the light reactions.
48. Which of the following terms does not pertain the light
reactions?
a) utilizes primary electron acceptors
b) generates ATP via electron transport chain
c) forms oxygen as by product
d) absorbs red and blue light by chlorophyll
e) occurs in soluble stroma portion of chloroplast
49 – 50 . Identify the following metabolic processes as either:
a) catabolic b) anabolic
49. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
50. Photosynthesis
Life cycles of vascular plants. Match the description on the left to the correct "Division" of Vascular Plants on the right. (20 pts)
(List all possible answers, may be more than one answer).
______ 51. Heterosporus A. Lycopodium
______ 52. Reproduces asexually using gemma cups B. Selaginella
______ 53. Sporophyte lacking true roots C. Psilotum
______ 54. Sporophyte has roots (adventitious or true) D. Equisetum
______ 55. Sporophyte is diploid (2n) E. Fern
______ 56. Gametophyte is the most conspicuous form F. Cycads
______ 57. Egg cell produced in archegonium
G. Moss
______ 58. Male gametophyte is located in a pollen grain
H. Liverwort
______ 59. Sporangium located in sori
______60. Sporangium located in strobuli
_____ 61. Sperm is motile (flagella)
_____ 62. Female gametophyte located in ovule
_____ 63. Sperm are formed by mitosis.
_____ 64. Young sporophyte (embryo) is contained in a seed.
(List all possible answers, some are used more than once ).
_______ 65. sporophyte plant is diploid
_______ 66. heterosporous A. conifers (pine)
_______ 67. produces seeds B. angiosperms (oak)
_______ 68. forms flowers C. cycads (zamia)
_______ 69. egg formed in archegonium D. ginkgo
_______ 70. flagellated sperm present
_______ 71. forms fruit around seed(s)
_______ 72. seeds produced in cones
_______ 73. double fertilization
_______74. flagellated sperm present
_______75. produces pollen
_______76. forms an endosperm
_______77. embryo consists of cotyledons in seed
_______78. female gametophyte in ovule
_______79. integument develops into fleshy tissue
_______ 80. ovules located in ovary
1. In the sporangium, _______________________ develop into spores by which type of cell division? __________
2. Seedless vascular plants produce eggs in the _____________ structure by which type of cell division? ______________
3. The gametophyte generation begins with the ___________
and the sporophyte generation
begins with the ________________ in a sporic life cycle.
Study the hypothetical life cycle annexed to test and answer
the
following questions.
HYPOTHETICAL LIFE CYCLE
1.Exhibits (zygotic, sporic or gametic) life cycle.
2.Exhibits alternation of generation ___________ (y/n).
3.Ploidy (haploid, diploid, etc.) of the structure indicated by (F)
4.Exhibits isomorphic gametopyte/sporophyte stages _________ (y/n).
5.Cell indicated by (A) is _________ (diploid/haploid).
6.Structure indicated by (B) could be called a/an _________
(sporangium, oogonium, antheridium).
7.Structure indicated by (C) could be called a/an _________
(sporangium, oogonium, antheridium).
8. Structure indicated by (D) could be called a/an _________
(egg, sperm, gamete, spore, microspore, megaspore).
9.Circle male gametophyte if present.
10. What is the ploidy (diploid, haploid, etc.) for the
structure indicated by (E)
11. Does this life cycle exhibit heterospory or homospory?
12. Type of cell division indicated by *? ___________
13. Identify and give the ploidy for the structure indicated by AG@.