Biology 220

                                                                           STUDY GUIDE
THESE ARE SAMPLE QUESTIONS TO HELPYOU FOR REVIEW, NOT THE QUESTIONS ON THE FIRST EXAM.
CHECK YOU ANSWERS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE KEY,THERE MAY BE AN ERROR WITH THE KEY.

Part I.  Match the characteristics listed on the left to the correct  plant 'group' on the right.  (use
              only one answer)
                                                                                                                            A. C3  plants
 

 ____1.    Utilizes mainly the RuBP   carboxylating enzyme to                                B. C4   plants
                 fix carbon dioxide

 ____2.    Well developed bundle sheath   cells present                                         C.  CAM plants

 ____3.    Plants that have a high affinity for CO
                                                                            2                                               D. A, B, and C
 ____4.    Plants which evolved primarily   in the tropics

 ____5.    Contains photosystems I and II to form  ATP and NADPH+H (reducing power)

 ____6.    Contains both carboxylating systems; however, one works during the day and the other at night.

 ____7.   Contains both carboxylating systems; however, one works in mesophyll cells and the other in bundle sheath cells.
 

Match the correct hormone on the right to its effect on plants  listed on the left.

 ____8.    hastens fruit ripening                                                              A. auxins
                                                                                                             B. ethylene
 ____9.    synthesized in stem tip and causes cell elongation                    C. gibberellins
                                                                                                             D. abscisic acid
                                                                                                             E. ethylene
 ____10.    prevents abscission of leaves                                                F. cytokinins

 ____11.    stimulates abscission of leaves

  ___12.     inhibits growth, causes seed dormancy

 ____13.    stimulates flowering in long day plants
                and biennials
 ____14.    used during tropisms (gravitropism or phototropism)

 ____15.    induces adventitious roots to form on cuttings

 ____16.    stimulates the closing of the stomata in some plants

 ____17.   delays senescence in leaves removed from the plants
 

       Choose the correct response from the list below the statement or question.

 ____18.   Which of the following actions does not occur during the stimulation of germination by gibberellin in barley seeds.

          a) gibberellin is synthesized in the embryo
          b) gibberellin is activated in the endosperm were it stimulates the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes
          c) hydrolytic enzymes move from aleurone layer to endosperm and breaks down starch and
              protein
          d) gibberellin moves to the aleuerone layer and stimulates the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes
 

____19.  Which of the following is not part of a basic medium used for plant tissue culture.

          a) carbon souce - glucose
          b) minerals - Hoaglands solution
          c) auxins
          d) abscisic acid
          e) cytokinins

 ____20.  Which of the following is not true concerning root pressure.

          a) this is a physical process
          b) water move into the xylem tissue via apoplastic and symplastic forces
          c) water is pulled up the xylem tissue by transpirational pull
          d) water potential of xylem must become more negative

____21.  Perception of gravity in plants involves:

          a) the sedimentation of the hormone IAA
          b) the sedimentation of statoliths (amyloplasts)
          c) sensitive root hairs located at end of the root
          d) gravity can not be perceived by plants

  ____22.  Which of the following conditions will stimulate a short day plant (SDP) to flower?

               a) Place the plant under a sixteen hour light eight hour dark cycle.
               b) Place the plant under a sixteen hour light eight hour dark cycle and interupt the light period with 10 minutes of dark..
               c) Place the plant under an eight  hour light eight hour dark cycle.
               d) Place the plant under an eight hour light sixteen hour dark cycle and interupt the light period with 10 minutes of light.
                e)  Place the plant under an eight hour light sixteen  hour dark cycle.

 ____23.    Perception of light for photoperiodic response occurs in the:

          a) stem                      c) leaves
          b) root                      d) stem apex

 ____24.    The pigment in plants which can be used to detect day length
                   is:

          a) chlorophyll a             d) phytochrome
          b) chlorophyll b             e) anthocyanin
          c) phycobillin

 ____25.   Translocation of photosynthates occurs in the:

          a) cortex                    d) xylem
          b) pith                        e) phloem
          c) vessel elements

 ____26.   Which of the following concerning the  photoperiodic response  in plants is true.

          a) The length of light during the 24 day cycle determines the response.
          b) The length of dark  during the 24 day cycle determines the response.
          c) The intensity of light determines the response.
          d) Light with large amounts of blue light determines the response.

 ____27.  Which of the following events involving the movement of
          of solutes and solvents through a plant is "active".

          a) movement of water from soil through root corex
          b) movement of sucrose from one sieve cell to the next
          c) movement of water through the xylem vessel
          d) phloem loading of sucrose from bundle cell into
             sieve cell across membrane
          e) evaporation of water from leaves

  ____28. Which of the following can be explained by vernalization.

           a) exposing plants to short dark periods to get them to flower
           b) exposing seeds to GA to get them to germinate
           c) exposing fruits to light to get them to ripen
           d) exposing roots to dark periods to get them to grow down
           e) exposing buds to periods of cold to get them to flower

 ____ 29. Which of the following statements concerning gravitropism
               is NOT true.

    a) Roots show positive gravitropism  response.
    b) Shoots of a plant grow up because of a gravitropism response.
    c) Cells detect gravity because of starch grains (statoliths) sink to the
         bottom of the cells.
    d) A germinating seed placed 2 inches under the soil will
        grow upward searching for sunlight.
 

    30- 34  Match from the list below that term which applies to  the following natural responses by   a plant.
                                a) photoperiodism             d) gravitropism (geotropism)
                                b) abscission                     e) leaf yellowing - senescence
                                c) phototropism

   30.  The bending of a plant towards a unilateral light (light coming from one direction).
   31.  Chrysanthemums and tobacco only flower during short days
   32.  During the fall the leaves of deciduous plants stop  producing auxin which stimulates the  leaves to weaken  at a specific place on the petiole and fall off
   33.  Placing a plant on its side  will cause the stem to  bend and grow upward
   34.  Placing leaf in kinetin prevents this process
 

   35.  Identify the concept where pollination and fertilization is prevented and  the ovary is stimulated to  develop  into a fruit.
          a) parthenocarpy                   c) abscission
          b) senescence                       d) apical dominance

 ____36.   Apoplastic movement  of water through the root includes:

          a) via plasmademata from protoplast to protoplast
          b) via lateral vessel elements
          c) root channels
          d) via cell walls

 ____37.  Which of the following is not part of the pressure flow
              mechanism used to explain photosynthate trnsport?

          a) phloem loading
          b) source/sink
          c) turgor pressure developed osmotically
          d) transpirational pull
          e) assimilate stream through the phloem

 ____38.  Root pressure is responsible for:

          a) movement of water up a 20 foot tree
          b) forcing open the guard cells during the day
          c) guttation
          d) movement of glucose from source to sink

 ____39.  Perception of gravity in plants involves:

          a) the sedimentation of the hormone IAA
          b) the sedimentation of statoliths (amyloplasts)
          c) sensitive root hairs located at end of the root
          d) gravity can not be perceived by plants

  ____40.  Long day plants will not flower if placed in a 24 hr/day light
           cycle (continuous light).

          a) true                      b) false

 ____41.    Perception of light for photoperiodic response occurs in the:

          a) stem                      c) leaves
          b) root                      d) stem apex
 

 ____42.    The pigment in plants which can be used to detect day length
                   is:

          a) chlorophyll a             d) phytochrome
          b) chlorophyll b             e) anthocyanin
          c) phycobillin

 ____43.   Translocation of photosynthates occurs in the:

          a) cortex                    d) xylem
          b) pith                      e) phloem
          c) vessel elements

 ____44.   The length of day light causes the photoperiodic response
                in plants.

          a) true                      b) false

 ____45.  Which of the following events involving the movement of
          of solutes and solvents through a plant is "active".

          a) movement of water from soil through root corex
          b) movement of sucrose from one sieve cell to the next
          c) movement of water through the xylem vessel
          d) phloem loading of sucrose from bundle cell into
             sieve cell across membrane
          e) evaporation of water from leaves
 

 ____46. Which of the following can be explained by vernalization.

           a) exposing plants to short dark periods to get them to flower
           b) exposing seeds to GA to get them to germinate
           c) exposing fruits to light to get them to ripen
           d) exposing roots to dark periods to get them to grow down
           e) exposing buds to periods of cold to get them to flower

____  47. Which of the following statements concerning photoperiodism  is NOT true.

     a) The pigment that detects light during the process is phytochrome.
     b) The response which is triggered is flowering in plants.
     c) Long?day plants will flower during the spring.
     d) Short?day plants will flower after being exposed to a cold
         period.
 
 

 Part II.  Explain the (1) results of the following experiments and the (2) reason for the outcome.
              Diagrams would be useful.
 

 1.  A young corn seedling  is placed so that the shoot is positioned on  its side.

       results:
 

      reason:
 

  3. A bean plant (4 inches tall) is placed in unilateral light (light from one direction).

    results:
 

    reason:
 
 

 4. A four week old spinach  plant (long  day plant) is placed under  the following light/dark cycles:

   Use the Pr/Pfr pigment model in your explanation (diagram in the space below and refer back to the diagram in each part)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     a.   8 hours of light followed by 16 hours of dark cycle:

             response?                       explanation?
 
 
 
 
 
 

   b.   8 hours of dark followed by 16 hours of light cycle:

           response?                       explanation ?
 
 
 
 
 
 

     c.   8 hours of light followed by 8 hours of dark cycle:

      response?                       explanation?
 
 
 
 
 
 

     d.   8 hours of light followed by 16 hours of dark and having the
          dark interrupted by 5 minutes of white light

     response?                        explanation?
 
 
 
 
 

      e.   8 hours of light followed by 16 hours of dark and having the
            dark interrupted by 5 minutes red light and five minutes of far red light

     response?                        explanation?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 5.  Light sensitive lettuce seeds are divided into three groups. All three groups  have water          added to stimulate germination and placed in the dark.  After imbibition, before germination  the seeds in group 1 are  left in the dark, the seeds in group 2  are exposed       to 10 minutes  of red light and placed back in the dark, the seeds in group 3  are exposed       to  10 minutes of red light followed by 5 minutes of far red light and placed back in the       dark.

     response?                          explanation?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 6. Leaf is removed from plant and placed in a vial containing water.  The blade of the leaf is covered with ABA (abscisic acid)

    results:

    reason:
 
 
 
 

7. Tip of stem is excised and an agar block containing IAA is placed on the cut stem.

    results:

    reason:

Part III.  Short Answer (10 pts)

   Explain how photosynthates move through a plant. Diagrams would
   be useful. Use the appropriate terms listed in Part  III.
   (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

   Explain how water and dissolved minerals move through a plant.
   Diagrams would be useful. Use appropriate terms listed in Part III.
   (5)