1.    List the two parts of the binomial system and recognize examples of each part.

2.    Differentiate between kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus and sspecies  as to rank of
       hierarchy.

3.    Compare and contrast between the five kingdoms of organisms.   Archaebacteria will not be
        presented this semester. 

4.    Describe the characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom  Eubacteria.  Compare and contrast
       with the viruses. Contrast between their mode of reproduction (binary fission and lytic/lysogenic cycle)

5.    Compare and contrast between heterotrophic  eubacteria and autotrophic cyanobacteria.

6.    Describe the characteristics of the organism in the kingdom Protista.

7.    Describe the characteristics of the heterotrophic group  protozoans and differentiate between the four
       phyla: Rhizopoda, Sarcomastigophora, Ciliophora, Sporozoans

8.    Compare and contrast between the three phyla of autotrophic protists : Euglenophyta,
       Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta.

9.    Describe the characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom Fungi and the following phyla:
       Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.  Draw a generalized life cycle of these divisions and
       indicate the ploidy for the various structures (spores, hyphae, zygospores, sporangia). Indicate where
       the following processes and structures occur: mitosis, meiosis, syngamy, dikaryotic cells.

 10.  Describe the characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom Plantae and its four divisions.
        Draw a generalized life cycle of these divisions and indicate the ploidy for the various structures.
        Indicate the beginning of the gametophyte and sporophyte generation. Explain alternation of generation.

11.  Contrast between Bryophyta (nonvascular and simple vascular systems) and Tracheophyta
        (vascular system) generalized life cycles (moss, liverwort, fern, gymnosperms and angiosperms).
 
12.  List and describe three important evolutionary trends in the higher plants (seeds, vascular tissue, flowers
       and fruit development).

13.  Describe the characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom Animalia and its nine
       phyla.

14.  List the characteristics of the phylum Porifera and give examples. Explain how members of this
       phylum carry out the following processes: digestion, excretion, respiration.

15.  List the characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria and its three classes. Draw a generalized life cycle for
       the  Scyphozoa, Anthozoa and Hydrozoa. Contrast betwee polyp and medusa stages.

16.  Describe the body make up, the digestive system and nervous system of the phylum
       Cnidaria.  Explain how members of this  phylum carry out the following processes: digestion, excretion,
       respiration.

17.  Compare and contrast between the phyla Platyhelminthes and Nematoda as to digestive
       system, excretory system, and nervous  system. Include the terms gastrovascular cavity (GVC) and true
       gut, acoelomate and pseudocoelomate. List examples of both phyla.

18.  Contrast between the three types of symmetry, radial, bilateral and spherical.  Define:  ectoderm,
        mesoderm, endoderm, mesoglea, diploblastic, triploblastic.

19.  Describe the phylum Annelida as to circulatory system, excretory system, digestive system
       and nervous system. List examples of organisms in this phylum.

20.  Define a coelom; differentiate between acoelomates, pseudocoelomates and coelomates.

21.  Describe the characteristics of the phylum Mollusca list the four classes and give examples.
        Explain how members of this phylum carry out the following processes: digestion, excretion, respiration,
        circulation of blood.

22.  Describe the characteristics of the phylum Arthropods and contrast between the five
       classes- crustacea, arachinda, chilopoda, diplodpoda and insecta.  Explain how members of this
       phylum carry out the following processes: digestion, excretion, respiration, circulation of blood.

23.  Define the following: exoskeleton, trachea, open circulatory system, closed circulatory
       system, malpighian tubules and molting and metamorphosis.

24.  Describe and give examples of the phylum Echinodermata.  Explain how members of this
       phylum carry out the following processes: digestion, excretion, respiration, circulation o blood.
       Explain how the water vascular system works.

25.  List three characteristics of the phylum Chorodata.

26.  Define and describe the characteristics for  the subphylum Vertebrate.

27.  Compare and contrast between the seven classes of the Vertebrate and give examples: fish
       amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

28.   Describe the digestive system, excretory system, nervous system and circulatory system for
        the seven classes of vertebrates.

29.  Contrast between cold blooded (ectotherm) and warm blooded (endothermy).

30.  Compare the strategies for blood circulation in the vertebrates. Identify three types of heart
       strategies.

31.  Describe the excretory system, circulatory system, nervous system and respiratory system in
       mammals.

32.  Contrast between monotremes, marsupials and placentals.