STUDY GUIDE
THESE ARE SAMPLE QUESTIONS TO HELPYOU FOR REVIEW, NOT THE QUESTIONS
ON THE FIRST EXAM.
CHECK YOU ANSWERS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE KEY,THERE MAY BE AN
ERROR WITH THE KEY.
Questions 1- 5: Match the statement on the left to the correct term listed on the right.
1. Cells lack a nucleus at maturity but do
retain cytoplasm, conducts food
a. parenchyma
b. vessel element
2. Cells with thick secondary cell walls, dead at
c. sclerenchyma
maturity, used for support
d. sieve tube member
e. meristematic cells
3. Thick cell wall at maturity, dead at maturity, forming
an empty tube that conducts water
4. Cells with a large nucleus/cytoplasm ratio.
(large nucleus, small amount of
cytoplasm)
5. Large cells used for storage with thin primary cell wall only at maturity.
6. The main function of the root hair is
a. reducing water loss.
b. absorbing atmospheric water.
c. absorbing ground water.
d. discouraging grazing insects from
eating roots.
7. Two types of water conducting cells are
a. epidermis and tracheids.
b. tracheids in Gymnosperms and vessel
in Angiosperms elements.
c. vessel elements in Angiosperms and
sieve tubes in Gymnosperms
d. sieve tubes in Angiosperms and epidermis
in Gymnosperms.
8. Food (photosynthates) - conducting cells are
a. tracheids.
c. sieve tube elements
b. vessels.
d. companion cells
9. Plants grow longitudinally primarily from cells produced in
a. apical meristems.
b. parenchyma.
c. epidermis.
d. phloem.
10-13 Indicate whether the following are characteristics of monocots or dicots.
______________________10. flower parts in multiples of three
______________________11. vascular bundles scattered through
pith
______________________12. net-like branching of veins in
leaf.
______________________13. seed made of two cotyledons
14. The food storing tissue of the root usually is the
a. xylem.
c. cortex
b. phloem.
d. endodermis
15. Branch roots originate from the
a. cortex.
c. endodermis
b. epidermis.
d. pericycle
16. Adventitious roots are
a. roots that grow where they should
not.
b. roots that arise from organs other
than roots.
c. branch roots.
d. secondary roots.
17. Which of the following is not a root?
a. potato tuber
c. beet
b. carrot
d. sweet potato
18. The function of the root cap is
a. protection of the region of maturation.
b. protection of the apical meristem.
c. replacement of damaged cells in the
apical meristem.
19. The surface-to-volume ratio of roots is increased by
a. the presence of root hairs.
b. growth in length of the root.
c. growth in width of the root.
d. growth in both length and width.
20. A large surface-to-volume ratio is important for roots because they
a. absorb water and minerals.
b. store food.
c. transport water and minerals to the
stem.
d. receive food from the stem.
21. A trichome hair is a(n)
a. multicellular structure.
d. branch of the root tip
b. extension of a root epidermal cell.
d. a and b
c. outgrowth of the cortex
22. A disadvantage of having root hairs arise lower on the root than they do would be that they would
a. become damaged by being pulled through
the soil.
b. be in deeper, drier layers of soil.
c. be too young to absorb water efficiently.
d. interfere with the activity of the
apical meristem.
23. The primary function of the apical meristem is
a. absorption of water.
b. growth in width.
c. production of new cells.
d. protection of the root tip.
24. Cells in the apical meristem are relatively
a. small and have high nucleus to cytoplasm
volume ratio.
b. small and have low nucleus
to cytoplasm volume ratio .
c. large and have dense cytoplasm.
d. large and have highly vacuolated
cytoplasm.
25. Type of cells which make up the cortex.
a. sclerenchyma
c. sieve tube cell
b. collenchyma
d. parenchyma
26. The largest part of longitudinal growth in the root apex is due to
a. cell division.
b. cell elongation.
c. both of the above.
27. The region of maturation is adjacent to the
a. region of elongation.
b. root cap.
c. apical meristem.
28. Primary tissue is produced from _______________.
a. apical meristem
b. primary xylem
c. cork cambium
d. vascular cambium
29. Ground meristem develops into ________
a. cortex
c. epidermis
b. vascular tissue
d. root cap
30. Protoderm develops into vascular tissue.
a. true b. false
31. Which of the following is not found in a monocot stem cross section?
a. xylem
b. parenchyma
c. vascular cambium
d. phloem
32. Wood is made up of which tissue?
a. vascular tissue
c. primary xylem
b. secondary phloem
d. secondary xylem
33. Gymnosperms are the flowering plants.
a. true b. false
34. Corn and beans are examples of __________.
a. gymnosperms
b. monocots
c. dicots
d. angiosperms
35. Which cell type conducts water in most Gymnosperms?
a. vessel elements
c. sieve tube cells
b. sclerenchyma fibers
d. tracheid cells
36. Phloem sieve tube cells are enucleated.
a. true b. false
37. Which of the following tissues is not found in a vascular bundle?
a. vascular cambium
c. primary xylem
b. cortex parenchyma
d. primary phloem
38. Which cell type is dead at maturity?
a. sclenchyma
b. meristematic
c. companion cell
d. parenchyma
______39. Translation of mRNA to make protein A. Golgi
______40. Photosynthesis B. ribosome
______41. Starch storage C. plasmodesmata
______42. Cytoplasmic bridges through cell wall
D. chloroplast
connecting protoplasm of the two cells
______43. Cellular respiration
E. leucoplast
F. mitochondrion
_ __ 44. Which of the following cell types or structures is incorrectly
paired with it merisematic origin?
a. epidermis?protoderm
b. primary
xylem?procambium
c. cortex?ground
meristem
d. secondary
phloem?cork cambium
e. primary
meristems?apical meristem
____ 45. Sieve tube members of the primary body originate from
the:
a. cork
cambium d. vascular cambium
b. protoderm
e. procambium
c. ground
meristem
____46. The lateral roots of a young dicot originate from the
a. root
cortex
d. endodermis of fibrous root
b. vascular
cambium
e. pericycle of the taproot
c. meristematic
cells of the protoderm
____ 47. Which of the following tissue types is incorrectly paired
with its function?
a. xylem/water
conduction
d. phloem/photosynthate movement
b. cortex/storage
e. vascular cambium/formation of
c. endodermis/selective
primary vascular tissue
mineral movement
____ 48. Which of the following tissue would not contain meristematic
cells?
a. vascular
cambium
d. pericycle
b. apical
meristem
e. pith
c. cork
cambium
____ 49. Which of the following parts of a monocot
stem is incorrectly paired
with structures located in the stem?
a. veins
- fibrovascular bundles
b. pith
- parenchyma cells
c. fibrovascular
bundle cells - arranged in circular form around outside edge
d. cortex
- absent
____ 50. Which of the following parts of a root
is incorrectly paired
with structures associated with that part ?
a. cortex
/ storage for food reserves
b. cell
walls of cortex and intracellular spaces / apoplast
c. epidermis
/ root hairs
d. cytoplasm
/ symplast
e. pericycle/
secondary xylem
True and False A. True B. False
_____ 51. Adventitious roots may form a fibrous root system.
_____52. Lenticles are openings in cork surfaces of a stem.
_____53. The age of a twig can be determined by counting its terminal
bud scars.
_____ 54. Axillary buds and leaves are located at the internode
region of a stem
Example of Short answer type question
1. Diagram and label a cross section of a mature root showing
primary growth.(include cortex,
endodermis, xylem, pericycle,
phloem, root hair, Casparian strip) ""List a function for each
structure."
2. Starting from the outside of a herbaceous stem, list the various
types of tissue you would encounter as you move towards the
center of the stem.