Behavioral Objectives - Epsilon Define metabolism; compare and contrast between anabolism and catabolism.  List and explain two facets about the Second Law of Thermodynamics to living systems.  State and explain the First Law of Thermodynamics.  Relate both the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics to living systems.  List the scale of organizational from the elementary particles that compose atoms up to the biosphere, composed of all living things on earth.  Define ATP; list its chemical parts; explain what it does during cellular respiration; explain its role during cyclic phosphorylation.  Contrast between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation.  Explain the relationship between ADP being phosphorylated forming ATP and ATP passing the phosphate group to another molecule increasing its capacity for work.   Explain the role of NAD and FAD during respiration.  Explain what is meant by cellular respiration; write out a general equation for cellular respiration.  Identify the three parts of aerobic respiration.  Relate dehydrogenation (oxidation) to respiration.  Contrast between energy released during the burning of wood and cellular respiration.  Identify the starting and ending steps of glycolysis.  Explain activation energy and identify where it occurs during glycolosis.  Identify where substrate phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation occur during glycolysis.  Calculate the number of ATP (net/total) formed during glycolysis. Include the number of ATP produced during both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation.  List the end products of fermentation anaerobic respiration and muscle cell anaerobic respiration.  Calculate the number of ATP (net/total) formed during anaerobic respiration.  Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in relation to energy output.  List the compounds which enter the Kreb Cycle and identify their end products.  Calculate the number of ATP which are formed during the Kreb cycle: per cycle, per glucose, total, net.  Calculate the number of ATP produced per NADH + H and FADH that enters this system.  Explain the role played by oxygen during the operation of the e;ectron transport chain.  Identify the various parts of the mitochondrion.  Explain where these sets of reactions (glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, CETS) occur in a working cell.  Explain how it was demonstrated that the following occur during photosynthesis: O2 is produced, light is required, chlorophyll has to be present, and CO2 is present.  Write out an equation of photosynthesis using the following:  CO2, O2, CH2O, H2O, light and chlorophyll. List the three elements that make up carbohydrates and give the correct ratio.  List the molecules from which the three elements that combine to form a carbohydrate come from during photosynthesis.  Explain photolysis and list what is required for it to occur.  Plot a general graph showing the effects of an increase in the relative amount of light plotted against the Rate of Photosynthesis.  Explain how Blackman's experiment showed that photosynthesis is at least a two-phase process.  List and explain the steps involved during the light reactions. Divide the reactions into two photo systems (PSI and PSII), and explain the fate of water during these reactions. Identify where ATP and NADH + H are produced during these reactions.  Contrast cyclic photophosphorylation and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.  Identify which light wavelengths are used to operate the pathway.  Identify the pigments used during the operation of the two photo systems.  Explain the steps involved during the carbon fixing reactions (dark reactions) of photosynthesis.  Identify the part played by RuBP, CO2, PGA, NADPH + H, ATP and glucose. Name the main carboxylating enzyme.  Compare and contrast between C-3 and C-4 plants as to: main carboxylating enzyme, first product formed and efficiency.  Describe the various parts of a chloroplast: stroma, grana and thylakoid.  Explain where the various reactions of photosynthesis (light reactions and dark reactions) occur within the chloroplast.          Created by the Multimedia Development Lab, Academic Television Services. Last modified October 29, 1997.