1. An (-OH) group attached singly to an organic molecule as a functional group is an alcohol. It produces the characteristic properties described above.  An (-OH) group associated with an inorganic molecule such as Na, Ca, etc. forms a hydroxide. This hydroxide will dissociate to form inorganic basic properties.
 
 

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2. This is an alcohol group attached to  a two carbon skeleton. This will be an important group used in the next lesson where it is involved in the synthesis of monomers and the breaking of chains.
Note: All alcohols are poisonous to humans. The human liver can just tolerate ethanol a little more than the other alcohols. Another name for ethanol is vodka, beer, wine, etc. They all contain ethanol.
Draw this structural formula in your notes and learn for testing.

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3. This is an aldehyde group attached to a two carbon skeleton. Note the double bond oxygen is on the end carbon. Draw this structural formula in your notes and learn for testing.
 

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4. This is a ketone group C=O. This group consists of a double covalent bond between a carbon in the middle of a chain and oxygen. This group is never located on the ends of a molecule. Draw this structural formula in your notes and learn for testing.
 

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5. This in an organic acid group attached to a single carbon atom. Note the difference between an aldehyde and an acid group. An aldehyde has a hydrogen atom in place of the alcohol portion of this group. Another name for acetic acid is vinegar. Draw this structural formula in your notes and learn for testing.
 

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6. This is an amine group. This group is part of the basic structure for amino acids which make up protein. Draw this structural formula in your notes and learn for testing.
 
 

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7..

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8.

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