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1. Describe  three functions of the nucleus in relation to cell's activity, cell division, hereditary traits. 
2. Label a diagram showing the structures located in a nucleus.  Write a description explaining their roll in a working cell, chemical makeup, physical makeup. Include the following structures: nuclear membrane, nuclear pore, chromatin, chromosome, nucleolus and centrioles.. 
3. Contrast between chromosome and chromatin. 
4. Explain where genes are located and describe their function in a working cell. 
5. Define:  homologous chromosomes, diploid cell.
6. Explain why living organisms must carry on the cellular reproductive process (mitosis and meiosis). 
7. Identify and explain the parts of the eukaryotic cell cycle. 
8. Describe the working cell during its interphase stage (G1, S and G2 stages). 
9. Describe what happens to the following structures during interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase:  nucleolus, chromatin, spindle fibers, centrioles, centromeres, chromosomes and homologous chromosomes. 
10. Define the involvement of following structures during cellular reproduction: centriole, centromere, chromatid, spindle fibers, chromatids (sister) and cell plate. 
11. Describe the daughter nuclei formed by mitosis as compared to the parent nucleus (number of chromosomes/ genes present). 
12. Given a description of a cell undergoing cell division, be able to identify that phase (pro-, meta-, ana-, telo-). 
13. Given the  number of chromosomes in the original parent cell calculate the number of chromatids and identify sister chromatids located in each of these phases.
14. Contrast between cytokinesis and chromosome segregation (karyokinesis). 
15. Contrast between higher plant cells and higher animal cells as to centrioles and the cytokinesis process.
16. Describe the location and function of the centriole. 
17. Describe cell division (binary fission) in prokaryote cells and the organelles chloroplast and mitochondrion. 
18. Contrast between the arrangement of  prokaryote nuclear material with eukaryotes nuclear material. Describe the arrangement of nuclear material in the  organelles, chloroplast and mitochondria.
19. Identify which cells undergo meiosis in living organisms plants and animals. 
20. Explain the advantage for cells to undergo meiosis  forming gametes. 
21. Draw a diagram showing the sexual life cycle in humans showing the sexual strategy of sexual reproduction.  Include the following: diploid somatic cells, where meiosis occurs, haploid gametes (sperm and egg), fertilization, zygote, where mitosis occurs. 
22. Describe the mechanism of meiosis.  Include a description of what occurs to the following structures during meiosis I and meiosis II: chromatin chromosome, tetrads, spindle fiber, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, homologous chromosome and centromeres.
23. Contrast between haploid and diploid cells, sex cells and somatic cells. 
24. Given the number of chromosomes in a diploid somatic cell, calculate the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells formed after meiosis.
25. Define homologous chromosomes and relate to diploid and haploid cells. 
26. Identify synapsis, tetrads and crossing over.. 
27. Define gametes (iso-, hetro-), zygote and gametogenesis. 
28. Draw and label a diagram showing a sequence representing spermatogenesis.. 
29. Draw and label a diagram showing a sequence representing oogenesis.. 
30. Given a number of chromosomes in a diploid cell,   calculate the number of chromosomes of each of the cells formed during spermatogenesis or oogenesis.
31. Describe the male reproductive system in humans. 
32. Label the various parts of the sperm and describe how they are formed in the testis.
33. List the male sex hormones, explain where they are formed, and their roles (GNRH, testosterone, LH and FSH). 
34. Describe the female reproductive system in humans.
35. List and explain the steps of the menstrual cycle.
36. List the female sex hormones, explain where they are formed and their roles in females (FSH, LH,estrogen and progesterone).
37. Explain the relationship between cancer and control of cell cycle. Include the role of the p53 gene and how gene therapy may lead to the cure of some cancers. (pages 144-147 in text)

 

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