01. 

     A       A 
A      p     A     p 
_ __         ____ 
|      p   p  p      | A 
|   p   p  p         |    A 
|    A p   p        |A 
|    p     p  p      |   A 
|    A    p   p     | 
|___________| 

initial - note: most perfume molecules (p) are in the bottle and air molecules (A) are on the outside; there is a concentration gradient between the gas molecules, in the bottle and on the outside; 

   p  A       p 
A      p     A     p 
____       ____ 
|      p   A p      | p 
|      p A p A    |    A 
|    A p    A      |A 
|    p     A p      |    p 
|    A    p  A     | 
|___________| 

equilibrium - note: the concentration of perfume molecules inside the bottle is the same as on the outside even though the number of perfume molecules in the bottle is less than on the 
                 outside 

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1. This process is passive because kinetic energy is utilized, not biological energy.

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2. Yes. There are more perfume molecules inside the bottle than outside the bottle and more air molecules outside the bottle than inside the bottle. Also the concentration of perfume molecules in the bottle than the concentration of perfume molecules outside the bottle. Amount is the total number of molecules and concentration is the number of molecules per volume. 

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3. The net movement of perfume will be out of the bottle and the net movement of air molecules will be into the bottle.  Net movement is where molecule are moving at a faster rate in one direction compared to the opposite direction. 

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4. At equilibrium their will be no net movement. Molecules will continue to move in and out but the same number of molecules moving into the bottle will be the same as the number of molecules moving out of the bottle. 

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5. The concentration of perfume molecules inside the bottle will be the same as the concentration of molecules outside the bottle. There will be a greater number of perfume molecules outside the bottle because the volume of the room is greater than the volume of the jar. 

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6. There will be a greater number of perfume molecules outside the bottle because the volume of the room is greater than the volume of the jar. Make sure you know the difference between concentration and  amount (number). 

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7. Diffusion stops at equilibrium. No net movement of molecules. However molecules are still moving. Write in your notes the difference between movement and net movement. 

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8. Yes. The water will move out of the bag into the beaker because the membrane is differentially permeable and allows the water molecules to pass through while preventing the sucrose molecules from moving through. 

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9.  Yes the water will move into the bag into the beaker because the membrane is differentially permeable and allows the water molecules to pass through while preventing the sucrose molecules from moving through. 

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10. Water will move into the bag at a faster rate than out of the bag. Net movement of water is out of the bag. 

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11. No. The pores in the membrane of the bag will not allow the sucrose molecules to pass through. 

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12. Yes. Equilibrium will be when the rate of water molecules moving out of the bag will be the same as the rate of water molecules moving into the bag. Their will be no net movement of water. 

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13. Yes. However it is also moving in at the same rate. 

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14. Yes. The pressure which forms is due water molecules moving in to establish equilibrium. 
The concentration of sugar in the bag will decrease due to an increase in volume as water moves into the bag and stretching it. However, sucrose can not move out of the bag; therefore, the concentration of of sugar in the bag and in the beaker will never be equal. The pressure prevents net movement of water into the bag at equilibrium. this pressure is called osmotic pressure.

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15. Yes the water will move out of the bag into the beaker because the membrane is differentially permeable and allows the water molecules to pass through while preventing the sucrose molecules from moving through. 

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16.   Yes the water will move into  the bag into the beaker because the membrane is differentially permeable and allows the water molecules to pass through while preventing the sucrose molecules from moving through. 

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17.  Water will move out of  the bag at a faster rate than out of the bag. Net movement of water is out of the bag. 

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18. No. The pores in the membrane of the bag will not allow the sucrose molecules to pass through. 

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19. Yes. Equilibrium will be when the rate of water molecules moving out of the bag will be the same as the rate of water molecules moving into the bag. At this point there will be no net movement of water. 

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20.  Yes. However it is also moving out  at the same rate. 

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21. No. The water is leaving the bag; therefore, the bag will shrivel up (collapse) as small as possible. 

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22. Yes water is moving out of the bag but it is  also be moving in at a greater rate. 

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23.  Yes, at a faster rate than the water entering the bag. 

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24. The net movement of water water will be into the bag. 

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25. No. 

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26. Yes. Water moving into the bag is causing the volume of the bag to increase and the concentration of sugar in the bag decreases. Also water is leaving the beaker thus causing an increase in sugar concentration. Eventually the concentration of sugar in the bag will be equal to that in the beaker. At this point there is no net movement of water and the system is in equilibrium. 

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27. Yes water will always be moving in and out.  At equilibrium the rate of movement is the same in both directions. 

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28. Since water is moving into the bag a slight pressure will form in the bag. 

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29. The answer can not be determined. These terms are only used when comparing two solutions. 

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30. The solution with the higher concentration of solute molecules is hypertonic and the solution with the lesser connection of solute molecules is hypotonic. 

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31. The solution with the lower concentration of  solute molecules is hypotonic. 

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32. The solutions are said to be isotonic. 

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33.  The solution in the bag is hypotonic compared to the solution in the beaker. 

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34. The solution in the bag is hypertonic compared to the solution in the beaker. 

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35. swell up 

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36. swell up 

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37. remain the same 

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38. shrink 

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39. swell up. However the plant cell will not break due to the presence of a cell wall. The cell wall will become very tight due to the osmotic pressure. This pressure is called turgor pressure when plant cells are involved and the cell is described as being turgid.

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40. shrink 

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41. plasmolyzed.  These plant cells will lose water causing a loss in turgor pressure and a loss of support. The plant tissue will collapse because of the lack of support. 

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42. Osmosis is a passive process because it does not require biological energy. 

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43. This is true. These carrier molecules will allow certain molecules which would otherwise not be able to enter the cell to move across the membrane. This process allows membranes to be selective. 

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45.  The correct answer is "e". The  ureater conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder.  

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46. The correct answer is "b". Water, nutrients, and wastes are filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule of the nephron.. 

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47. The correct answer is "b" Ammonia moves against a concentration gradient via active transport.

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48. The correct answer is "c". 

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